Yaya aka tsara tsarin tsarin Linux? - Kashi na 1

Yawancin masu karatu wanda yazo amfani da Windows kuma suna ƙaura zuwa Linux, ba za su bar ni na yi karya ba a lokacin Tambaya ta farko ko matsalar da ta taso ita ce "ina shirye-shiryen da ake adana su a cikin Linux".

Ba kamar Windows ba, Linux tana ƙunshe da tsarin fayil daban da baƙo, anan babu wasu haruffa kamar su “C: \. D: \, da sauransu ”, tunda wannan ba shine mizanin tsarin FHS na Tsarin Mulki ba.

Wannan tsarin yana bayyana tsarin tsarin fayil a cikin Linux da sauran tsarin aiki na UNIX. Koyaya, tsarin fayil ɗin Linux shima yana ƙunshe da wasu kundayen adireshi, waɗanda har zuwa yanzu ba a bayyana su kamar haka ba.

/ - tushen fayil (tushe)

Duk abin da ke cikin tsarin Linux ɗinku yana cikin / directory, wanda aka fi sani da tushen directory.

Wannan kundin adireshi kamar dai muna magana ne game da "C: \ a cikin Windows" don haka mu yi magana, amma, ba haka lamarin yake ba, tunda a cikin Linux babu haruffa a cikin sunayen masu tafiyarwa.

/ bin - fayilolin binar mai amfani

Littafin bin / ya ƙunshi binaries masu amfani (shirye-shirye) waɗanda dole ne su kasance lokacin da tsarin ke aiki a cikin yanayin mai amfani ɗaya.

Yana da muhimmanci a san hakan babu sauran kundayen adireshi da zasu wanzu a cikin wannan kundin adireshi, a nan za mu sami fayilolin binary kawai na shirye-shiryen, da kuma alamomin alamomin da za a iya tantance su ta hanyar "@".

/ boot - fayilolin taya

Littafin / taya Yana dauke da fayilolin da ake buƙata don kora tsarin, misali ana adana fayilolin GRUB da Kernel a nan.

Zamu iya gano kwayar tsarin kamar fayil ɗin hoto da ake kira vmlinuz-version _ kernel) dole ne ya kasance a cikin wannan kundin adireshin ko a cikin tushen littafin.

/ cdrom dutsen aya don CD-ROM

Littafin adireshin / cdrom ba wani ɓangare bane na tsarin fayiloli na FHS kamar haka, amma har yanzu ana iya samun shi a cikin rarrabuwa daban-daban.

Wannan kundin adireshi wuri ne na wucin gadi don CD / DVD drive daga kwamfutarka a kan tsarinka. Koyaya, daidaitaccen wuri don na'urorin watsa labaru na ɗan lokaci shine / kundin adireshin kafofin watsa labarai

/ dev kayan fayil.

Linux yana ganin na'urori azaman fayiloli, kuma kundin adireshin / dev ya ƙunshi fayiloli na musamman waɗanda ke wakiltar na'urori. Ba daidai irin waɗannan fayilolin bane kamar yadda muka saba ganin su.

Hakanan, yana da mahimmanci a san cewa na'urorin na iya zama toshe ko ɗabi'a. A ƙa'ida, toshe na'urorin sune waɗanda ke adana bayanai da na'urorin halayyar da ke canja wurin bayanai.

Ainihin anan zamu iya samun wuraren hawa na wasu bangarori ko na'urorin da aka haɗa zuwa kwamfutar.

Alal misali / dev / sda shine maɓallin dutsen disk ɗin da ake amfani dashi kuma sauran ɓangarorin wannan za'a lissafa su ta hanyar da farkon ɓangaren zai kasance / dev / sda1, na biyu / dev / sda2 da sauransu.

Dangane da sauran fayafayan, biranin pen ko na'urorin haɗin da aka haɗa, za mu gano su kamar / dev / sdb, / dev / sdc da sauransu.

Zamu iya bincika wannan daga tashar ta hanyar aiwatar da umarnin:

sudo fdisk -l

Duk da yake don fayil ɗin da ke hade da nau'in linzamin kwamfuta PS / 2 zai kasance / dev / wasiƙar

/ sauransu - fayilolin daidaitawa

Littafin adireshin / sauransu ya ƙunshi fayilolin sanyi waɗanda za a iya shirya su da hannu ta amfani da editan rubutu.

Lura cewa kundin adireshin / da sauransu ya ƙunshi mahimman fayilolin tsarin, duk daidaitawa suke, waɗanda sune fayilolin tsaye.

Fayilolin aiwatarwa, ƙananan fayilolin binary, bai kamata a same su anan ba.

/ gida - babban fayil na mai amfani

Adireshin / gida ya ƙunshi manyan fayiloli na gida na duk masu amfani. Misali, idan sunan mai amfani naka "user1", to zasu sami / gida / mai amfani1 a matsayin adireshin gidansu.

Wannan babban fayil ɗin ya ƙunshi fayilolin mai amfani da bayanan mai amfani, da fayilolin mai amfani da fifiko.

Kowane mai amfani kawai yana da damar yin amfani da damar shiga kundin adireshin gidansa, kuma don gyara wasu fayiloli akan tsarin da zasu buƙaci samun manyan izini na mai amfani ko zama tushen mai amfani.

/ lib dakunan karatu

Littafin adireshin / lib ya ƙunshi dakunan karatu waɗanda ake binar da ake buƙata waɗanda ke cikin kundin adireshin / bin da / sbin.

Tare da banbanci daya kawai, cewa dakunan karatun da ake bukatar binaries a cikin babban fayil / usr / bin suna cikin kundin adireshin / usr / lib.