Jagora: duk game da hotunan ISO a cikin GNU / Linux

Idan kana so yi aiki tare da hotunan ISO Daga rarrabawar da kuka fi so, mun ƙirƙiri muku wannan jagorar. Tare da shi zaku san duk abin da kuke buƙatar fara aiki tare da waɗannan nau'ikan fayilolin a hanya mai sauƙi. Musamman ga waɗanda suka fito daga wasu tsarukan aiki kamar su Windows, inda suke da jerin software don samun damar hawa irin wannan hotunan ko ƙona su a faya-fayan gani (CDs, DVDs, BD, ...), amma suna da gano cewa shirye-shiryen da aka faɗi ba su akan GNU / Linux.

Gaskiyar ita ce, hotunan ISO suna da kyau aiki tare da kuma adana bayanai masu yawa. Abin da ya sa suka zama mafi kyawun tsari ga yawancin masu sayar da software. Microsoft kanta tana ba ka damar zazzage hotunan ISO na sabbin tsarin aikin ta, kuma tabbas duk gidan yanar gizon hukuma na ayyukan ɓarna suna ba da damar zazzage hotunan ISO daga wuraren saukar da su.

Menene ISO?

Hoto na ISO fayil ne don adana ainihin kwafin tsarin fayil a ƙarƙashin Tsarin ISO 9660 wanda ya sanya masa suna. Kari akan haka, kasancewar karamin karamin kunshi ne, ya kuma zama tsari mai kyau don adana abubuwan da aka shirya don ƙonawa a cikin kafofin watsa labarai na gani ko mashin mai cirewa, da kuma yin kwafin ajiya tare da wasu shirye-shiryen ajiya.

Tsawaita mafi mashahuri shine .iso, amma kuma suna iya bayyana tare da fadada .img kamar yadda ake iya gani a wasu hotunan tsarin aiki don Rasberi Pi, da dai sauransu. Wannan bambancin a tsayi ba yana nufin cewa ba su bane siffofi iri ɗaya ba, kawai kawai babban taro ne. Kodayake .iso shine mafi mashahuri, zamu iya samun kari daban kamar .cue da .bin, waɗanda suke adana bayanan (BIN) a gefe ɗaya da kuma bayanin bayanan da aka faɗi (CUE) a ɗayan.

Da aka faɗi haka, da yawa masu haɓaka softwareKona software musamman, sunyi ƙoƙari don ƙirƙirar samfuran hoto don yin kamar su maye gurbin ISO, amma tabbas sun gaza. Wannan shine batun Nero Burning ROM Ahead wanda ya kirkiri tsarin NRG, ko Adaptec CIF don Easy CD Creator, CCD don aikin CloneCD, MDF na Alcohol 120%, da dai sauransu.

Yadda ake kirkirar ISO

para ƙirƙirar hotunan ISO daga GNU / Linux distro ɗinmu Muna da ɗimbin shirye-shiryen zane don yin shi, kamar Furious ISO, ISO Master, Brasero, Simple Burn, K3b, Acetone ISO, da sauransu. Amma zamu koya muku kuyi shi ta hanya mafi ƙarfi kuma ba tare da ɓarnatar da albarkatu da yawa ba, kuma wannan yana nufin yin shi daga na'ura mai kwakwalwa tare da sauƙin kayan aikin dd mai sauƙi wanda wataƙila kun riga kun sanya shi cikin rarraba ku, tunda yawanci yakan zo ne ta hanyar tsoho ...

Da kyau, yi tunanin abin da muke so ƙirƙirar kwafin kundin adireshi a cikin rarrabawar mu, misali gida / mai amfani da za mu wuce zuwa ISO. Saboda wannan zamu iya shigar da umarni masu zuwa:

dd if=/home/usuario of=/home/imagenesiso/usuario_personal.iso

Wani zaɓi don "Isar" kundin adireshi shine amfani da wani kayan aiki kamar mkisofs:

mkisofs -o /home/usuario/imagen.iso /home/usuario/contenido

Madadin haka, idan kuna son ƙirƙirar hoton zubar da abubuwan da ke cikin DVD ko CD, zamu iya amfani da wannan madadin:

dd if=/dev/cdrom of=/home/usuario/imagen.iso

Wannan hanyar zamu iya ƙirƙirar hotunan kundayen adireshi da na sauran kafofin watsa labarai na ajiya. Ka tuna cewa umarnin dd Yana tallafawa duk wata na’ura ko matsakaicin shigar da bayanai idan ka canza hanyar if =, yayin da zuwa inda kake son adana hoton, kawai kana buƙatar gyara hanyar na =.

Yadda ake hawa ISO

Tare da wasu shirye-shiryen da aka ambata a sama za mu iya hawa hotunan ISO don samun damar abubuwan cikin zanawa da sauƙi. Abin da ya fi haka, akwai kuma kayan aiki kamar mkisofs waɗanda da su muke iya hawa hotonmu na ISO a cikin kowane kundin adireshi don samun damar shiga abubuwan ba tare da mun ƙona shi a kan matsakaiciyar hanyar gani ba. Misali, akan Windows, wataƙila sanannen kayan aikin wannan shine Alcohol 120% ko Daemon Tools, amma waɗannan kayan aikin basa samin Linux. To menene? Da kyau, koyaushe zamu iya jan madadin waɗannan ƙa'idodin kamar Furious ISO ko AcetoneISO waɗanda ke da sauƙin amfani da zane-zane mai zane. Amma idan muna son amfani da zaɓuɓɓukan da Linux ke bamu na asali:

sudo mkdir /media/iso

sudo mount -t iso9660 -o loop /home/usuario/imagen.iso /media/iso

sudo umount /media/iso

Kamar yadda muke gani, muna ƙirƙirar kundin adireshi inda zamu hau hoton ISO wanda muka kira iso kuma mun sanya shi a cikin kundin adireshin / kafofin watsa labarai. Sannan muna hawa hoton ISO a cikin kundin adireshi kuma zamu iya sami damar yin amfani da abun ciki. Da zarar mun daina son abin da aka faɗi, za a iya saukar da shi ta yadda ba za mu iya gani ba ... Af, tare da -t zaɓi na hawa mun ba shi wani tsari wanda a wannan yanayin shine ISO 9660 kuma tare -o mu gaya masa don amfani da na'urar madauki. Da wannan muke amfani da wata na’ura wacce ake kira madauki na'urar hakan zai taimaka mana hawa ISO a cikin kowane kundin adireshi, wanda zai ba da damar shiga abubuwan da ke ciki.

Yadda ake kona ISO

Yanzu, idan abin da muke so shine ƙone ko ƙone ce hoton ISO zuwa kafofin watsa labarai na ganiKo CD, DVD, HD-DVD ko BluRay, za mu iya kuma zaɓar shirye-shiryen tare da zane-zane wanda muka ambata a sama ko kuma kai tsaye zuwa ga na'urar wasan wuta kuma mu aikata shi ta hanyar umarni. Akwai wasu kayan aiki a yanayin rubutu don wannan, kamar wodim, cdrskin, xorriso. Idan mun riga mun girka su, za mu iya amfani da su tare da dokokin masu zuwa:

wodim -v dev=/dev/cdrom -dao /home/usuario/imagen.iso

cdrskin -v dev=/dev/cdrom -dao /home/usuario/imagen.iso

xorriso -as cdrecord -v dev=/dev/cdrom -dao /home/usuario/imagen.iso

Af, ka tuna cewa a wasu lokuta na'urar ta gani a cikin rarrabawarka (dukda cewa tana da wuya) bazai yuwu a kira / dev / cdrom ba, amma ɗauki wasu sunaye kamar / dev / dvdrom, ko / dev / sr0, Da dai sauransu

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