A lokacin shekaru, Masu amfani da Linux tare da katunan zane na AMD Radeon Sun sami wani yanayi mai ɗaci: kayan aikin da talabijin ɗin sun shirya don amfani da HDMI 2.1, amma tsarin ya makale da iyakokin HDMI 2.0. Duk wanda ya haɗa kwamfutar Linux ɗinsa zuwa talabijin ta zamani ta hanyar HDMI ya ga cewa, a aikace, bandwidth ɗin da ake da shi bai isa ya sarrafa duk abin da takamaiman katin zane ya yi alkawari ba.
Wannan yanayin ya fara canzawa da gaske. AMD ta aika da Saitin farko na faci don direban AMDGPU mai buɗewa wanda ke gabatar da tallafi ga HDMI FRL (Haɗin Rate Mai Daidaitacce), yanayin watsawa wanda ke kawo saurin bandwidth na HDMI 2.1. Ba cikakken kunshin bane tukuna, amma shine lokacin da al'umma ke jira tsawon shekaru, tare da tasiri kai tsaye ga kayan aikin gida.
Daga toshewar HDMI Forum zuwa buɗewar ma'auni a cikin Linux
Matsalar da ke ƙasa ba ta shafi fasaha ba ce, amma tana da alaƙa da lasisi. Taron HDMI ya shafe shekaru yana kin amincewa da kudirin. Tsarin aiwatar da HDMI 2.1 a cikin direbobin buɗaɗɗen tushe. Domin a haɗa wani fasali a cikin kernel na Linux, dole ne lambar ta kasance ta jama'a, kuma wannan ya ci karo da buƙatun sirri na ƙungiyar da ke kula da ƙa'idar HDMI.
AMD ta daɗe tana ƙoƙarin nemo mafita: sakin aiwatarwa wanda zai sa HDMI 2.1 ya yi aiki ba tare da bayyana cikakkun bayanai da HDMI Forum ke ɗauka a matsayin masu mahimmanci ba. A watan Fabrairun 2024, a zahiri, dandalin ya cimma matsaya. ƙin amincewa da shawarar da AMD ta bayar a hukumance don sakin direba mai cikakken tallafin HDMI 2.1 akan Linux, wanda ya la'anci katunan Radeon akan wannan tsarin da su ci gaba da kasancewa a bandwidth na HDMI 2.0.
Wannan toshewar ta sanya takamaiman iyakoki: 4K a 120Hz, 8K a 60Hz, Cikakken HDR Saitunan launuka marasa yankewa sun fi dacewa ne kawai ta amfani da DisplayPort ko kuma ta hanyar shigar da Windows kai tsaye. A gidaje da yawa, inda haɗa kwamfutar falo zuwa TV ta hanyar HDMI ya zama ruwan dare, sakamakon ya bayyana a sarari: dole ne ka sadaukar da wasu ingancin hoto ko kuma yawan wartsakewa koda kuwa TV da katin zane sun dace da HDMI 2.1.
Yanayin ya fara canzawa da isowar sabbin faci da injiniyoyin AMD suka aika wa direban AMDGPU. Babban sabon fasalin shine haɗin HDMI FRL a cikin direban kernel, matakin da HDMI Forum ta riga ta sami damar yin gwajin bin ƙa'idodi ba tare da, a bayyane, keta ƙa'idodin sirrinta ba. Wannan shine mataki na farko a hukumance wanda ke buɗe ƙofar zuwa HDMI 2.1 na asali akan Linux ba tare da dogaro da mafita na mallakar mallaka ba.
Menene HDMI FRL ke bayarwa kuma me yasa shine babban ɓangaren HDMI 2.1?
Zuciyar wannan ci gaba ita ce FRL, kalma mai suna "acronym for" Hanyar Haɗi Mai Kyau, sabuwar hanyar haɗi HDMI 2.1 ya gabatar da maye gurbin tsohon TMDS da aka gada daga HDMI 2.0. Har zuwa yanzu, haɗin HDMI da AMD GPUs akan Linux an tilasta su yi amfani da wannan tsohon hanyar haɗin yanar gizo, tare da rufin bandwidth bai isa ba don buƙatun wasanni da bidiyo masu inganci na yanzu.
Tare da FRL, HDMI 2.1 yana iya Ƙara bandwidth zuwa 48 Gbps Idan aka yi amfani da kebul na Ultra High Speed wanda aka tabbatar. Wannan adadi shine abin da ke ba da damar, a aikace, aika siginar 4K a 120 Hz yayin da ake ci gaba da aiki da HDR, rage samfurin launi, da kuma share hanyar ƙarin ƙuduri mai ƙarfi da ƙimar wartsakewa akan na'urori na musamman.
Facin da AMD ta saki sun ƙara wannan yanayin FRL zuwa direban AMDGPU da aka haɗa cikin kernel. Dangane da takardun da aka bayar, Aiwatarwar ta riga ta wuce wani yanki na wakilcin gwaje-gwajen bisa ga HDMI Forum da kanta, kodayake har yanzu ana jiran cikakken tantancewa don ba da damar a yi la'akari da shi cikakken takardar shaidar.
Yana da mahimmanci a fayyace, duk da haka, game da abin da wannan matakin farko ya ƙunsa da abin da ba ya ƙunsa. A cikin wannan jigilar farko Ba a haɗa fasaloli kamar Display Stream Compression (DSC) da Variable Refresh Rate (VRR) ba tukuna.DSC yana da mahimmanci don haɗa ƙuduri mai girma tare da ƙimar sabuntawa mai girma ba tare da cika hanyar haɗin ba, kuma VRR shine mabuɗin daidaita ƙimar sabuntawar panel tare da firam ɗin GPU, rage tsagewa da lanƙwasawa. Duk ƙarfin biyu har yanzu suna cikin gwaji kuma ana sa ran za a yi amfani da su a cikin sabuntawa na gaba.
Duk da haka, ƙaura zuwa FRL ya riga ya yi tasiri mai amfani. Abin da ake buɗewa yanzu shine jigilar bayanai mai sauri ta hanyar HDMI 2.1, wanda shine ainihin matsalar da ke hana waɗanda ke ƙoƙarin samun mafi kyawun TVs na 4K na 120Hz ko masu saka idanu masu saurin sabuntawa akan Linux. Duk da cewa wasu sassan ƙa'idar har yanzu ba a same su ba, tushen amfani da waɗannan nunin yana cikin tsarin AMD na buɗe tushen.
Bawul, SteamOS da matsin lamba don kawo HDMI 2.1 zuwa ɗakin zama
Baya ga aikin AMD, majiyoyi da dama sun nuna cewa bawul ya taka muhimmiyar rawa A wannan sauyi, kamfanin da ke bayan Steam, Steam Deck, da SteamOS ya daɗe yana ƙoƙarin ganin tsarin Linux ya yi gogayya da Windows da consoles idan ana maganar haɗawa da TV ɗin falo.
A cewar rahotanni daban-daban, Valve ya kasance danna HDMI Forum da AMD a ɓoye Domin magance wannan yanayi, ga na'urar falo, HDMI 2.1 ya fi DisplayPort dacewa, kuma rashin iya bayar da shi yadda ya kamata ya sanya SteamOS cikin matsala idan aka kwatanta da Windows mini PCs ko na'urori masu amfani da ...
Kamfanin ya kuma nuna sha'awarsa a wani aiwatarwa a matsayin buɗewa gwargwadon iko na ma'aunin HDMIWannan ya faru ne saboda tsarin halittarsa ya dogara ne akan kayan aikin AMD da tsarin aiki na Linux. A lokaci guda, masu haɓaka al'umma sun fitar da aiwatarwa na gwaji wanda ke nuna cewa yana yiwuwa a bayar da tallafin HDMI 2.1 na ci gaba ba tare da keta ƙa'idodin software kyauta ba.
Duk wannan mahallin ya haifar da jerin faci na yanzu. Idan AMD ta sami damar rufe cikakken tallafi—gami da DSC da VRR—, na'urori kamar Injin Steam ko kuma na'urar Steam Deck 2 ta gaba da aka haɗa zuwa TV Za su iya amfani da HDMI 2.1 ba tare da canza kayan aikin ba, kawai ta hanyar inganta software, direbobi, da kuma tabbatarwa. Abin da zai iyakance shi ne saurin da kernel ke haɗawa da daidaita waɗannan fasalulluka.
Iyakokin tarihi na katunan zane na Radeon akan Linux ta hanyar HDMI
Har sai da waɗannan canje-canjen suka fara aiki, ƙwarewar masu amfani da yawa a bayyane take: Ba kome ko ƙarfin Radeon ɗin ko kuma yadda TV ɗin ya ci gaba ba.Idan kana amfani da HDMI a Linux, samun 4K a 120Hz ko ma idan aka yi la'akari da 8K ba abu ne da za a yi la'akari da shi ba. Zaɓin kawai shi ne a rage saurin wartsakewa ko a yi amfani da DisplayPort duk lokacin da na'urar saka idanu ta goyi bayansa.
Ga waɗanda ke amfani da Linux a matsayin babban tsarin aikinsu, wannan ya kasance rashin amfani idan aka kwatanta da Windows. Haɗa AMD GPU zuwa TV mai inganci a cikin Windows kuma haɓaka ƙarfinsa ya fi sauƙi; a gefe guda kuma, a cikin Linux, mai amfani ya ci karo da bangon lasisi da rashin tallafin hukuma ga HDMI 2.1 a cikin direbobin da aka buɗe.
Tare da tallafin FRL da ke zuwa AMDGPU, Wannan gibin da ke tsakanin tagogi yana raguwa sosai.Ba zai zama dole a sake amfani da DisplayPort don samun mafi kyawun amfani daga allon ba, kuma ba za a sake barin wani ƙwarewa mai iyaka ba yayin amfani da HDMI a cikin Linux, muddin kernel da rarrabawa sun haɗa nau'ikan direbobin da suka dace.
Tasiri ga 'yan wasan Linux
A cikin amfani da yau da kullum, wanda zai fara lura da canjin zai kasance masu amfani da suka haɗu. Katunan zane na AMD Radeon, Linux, da nunin zamani da aka haɗa ta hanyar HDMIHar zuwa yanzu, domin jin daɗin 4K tare da yawan wartsakewa da kuma ingancin hoto mai kyau, kusan ya zama dole a yi amfani da Windows ko na'urar saka idanu mai cikakken goyon bayan DisplayPort.
A cikin gidaje, inda aka saba sanya kwamfutar tebur ko ƙaramin kwamfuta kusa da talabijin, Amfani da HDMI 2.1 shine mabuɗin yin wasa a cikin faloTare da FRL yana gudana akan direban buɗewa, waɗannan saitunan za su iya yin nufin 4K a 120 Hz tare da HDR mai aiki da ƙarancin sadaukarwa a launi, muddin TV da kebul ɗin sun bi ƙa'idar Ultra High Speed .
Daga hangen nesa na ɗaukar Linux don wasanni, wannan motsi yana da mahimmanci. Ɗaya daga cikin uzurin da aka fi sani shine kawar da shi don ci gaba da amfani da Windows akan kwamfutocin da aka tsara don multimedia da wasanni a cikin falo. Idan wannan na'urar tana ba da irin wannan ƙwarewar gani akan SteamOS ko rarrabawa masu shahara (Ubuntu, Fedora, Manjaro, Arch, da sauransu), zaɓin tsarin ba ya iyakance ta hanyar matsala ta fitarwa bidiyo.
Masu kera kwamfutoci da masu haɗa kwamfutoci suma suna amfana. Da wannan ci gaba, za su iya Sanarwa da daidaito na gaske tare da HDMI 2.1 a ƙarƙashin Linux Dangane da tsarin da aka gina bisa ga AMD GPUs, ba tare da faɗi cewa amfani da Windows yana da mahimmanci don samun mafi kyawun amfani da shi ba. Wannan zai iya ƙarfafa bayar da ƙarin saitunan da aka riga aka shigar tare da rarrabawar GNU/Linux waɗanda aka tsara don 'yan wasa.
Matsayin tallafi na yanzu da matakai na gaba a cikin kwaya
Duk da cewa AMD ta dage cewa har yanzu tana da kyakkyawan fata. Wannan ba cikakken tari na HDMI 2.1 bane a cikin direban AMDGPU. Abin da ya isa ga kernel shine saitin farko na faci wanda ke ba da damar jigilar bayanai mai sauri ta hanyar FRL kuma ya riga ya wuce wani muhimmin ɓangare na gwaje-gwajen bin ƙa'idodi na HDMI Forum.
Haɗin kai na Nuna Rawan Rarraba (DSC)yana da mahimmanci don haɗa ƙuduri mai tsauri tare da manyan farashi ba tare da cika hanyar haɗin ba, da kuma tallafi mai ɗorewa ga Canza mai sauƙin sauyawa (VRR)wanda ke taimakawa wajen daidaita allon tare da firam ɗin GPU don sassauta ƙwarewar wasanni masu wahala.
Tsarin da aka saba amfani da shi a cikin ci gaban kernel ya ƙunshi waɗannan faci waɗanda ke tafiya ta matakai da yawa: bita daga masu samar da kayan gyara, gwajin al'umma kuma a ƙarshe, haɗa kai cikin sigar kernel mai karko. Wannan tsari na iya ɗaukar ko'ina daga 'yan makonni zuwa watanni da yawa, ya danganta da ra'ayoyin da aka karɓa da duk wata matsala da ta taso tare da takamaiman saitunan kayan aiki.
Ga mai amfani na ƙarshe, canjin zai zo ta hanyar sabunta tsarin. Rarrabawa kamar Ubuntu, Fedora, ko Arch LinuxBaya ga SteamOS, waɗannan faci za a ci gaba da haɗa su cikin ƙwayoyin su. A mafi yawan lokuta, mai amfani zai buƙaci kawai ya ci gaba da sabunta tsarin; ba lallai ba ne a tattara direbobi da hannu sai dai idan kuna son ci gaba da kasancewa a gaba da sigar hukuma.
Ana sa ran cewa ƙarin fasalulluka na HDMI 2.1 za su zo da wuri a cikin ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta ko rassan da ba su da ra'ayin mazan jiya Ba kamar sigar LTS ba, waɗanda galibi ke fifita kwanciyar hankali. Duk da haka, gaskiyar cewa lambar yanzu tana fuskantar gwaji na hukuma yana nuna cewa mafi rikitarwa na aikin fasaha yana kan hanya madaidaiciya.
Da wannan motsi, tallafin HDMI 2.1 a Linux ya tashi daga kasancewa alkawari mai nisa zuwa gaskiya a lokacin aiwatarwa. Haɗa FRL a cikin direban AMDGPU mai buɗewa a ƙarshe ya karya rufin bandwidth na HDMI 2.0. Kuma yana buɗe sabon babi inda masu amfani da Radeon za su iya amfani da talabijin da na'urorin saka idanu na zamani, yayin da suke jiran fasaloli kamar DSC da VRR su kammala wasan.
